core, core/state: batch-based state sync

core/block_processor.go

@@ -100,10 +100,8 @@ func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransaction(gp GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB,
 	}
 
 	// Update the state with pending changes
-	statedb.SyncIntermediate()
-
 	usedGas.Add(usedGas, gas)
-	receipt := types.NewReceipt(statedb.Root().Bytes(), usedGas)
+	receipt := types.NewReceipt(statedb.IntermediateRoot().Bytes(), usedGas)
 	receipt.TxHash = tx.Hash()
 	receipt.GasUsed = new(big.Int).Set(gas)
 	if MessageCreatesContract(tx) {
@@ -265,16 +263,16 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (logs st
 	// Accumulate static rewards; block reward, uncle's and uncle inclusion.
 	AccumulateRewards(state, header, uncles)
 
-	// Commit state objects/accounts to a temporary trie (does not save)
-	// used to calculate the state root.
-	state.SyncObjects()
-	if header.Root != state.Root() {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root. received=%x got=%x", header.Root, state.Root())
-		return
+	// Commit state objects/accounts to a database batch and calculate
+	// the state root. The database is not modified if the root
+	// doesn't match.
+	root, batch := state.CommitBatch()
+	if header.Root != root {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root: header=%x computed=%x", header.Root, root)
 	}
 
-	// Sync the current block's state to the database
-	state.Sync()
+	// Execute the database writes.
+	batch.Write()
 
 	return state.Logs(), receipts, nil
 }

core/chain_makers.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package core
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -94,9 +95,9 @@ func (b *BlockGen) AddTx(tx *types.Transaction) {
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
-	b.statedb.SyncIntermediate()
+	root := b.statedb.IntermediateRoot()
 	b.header.GasUsed.Add(b.header.GasUsed, gas)
-	receipt := types.NewReceipt(b.statedb.Root().Bytes(), b.header.GasUsed)
+	receipt := types.NewReceipt(root.Bytes(), b.header.GasUsed)
 	logs := b.statedb.GetLogs(tx.Hash())
 	receipt.SetLogs(logs)
 	receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
@@ -163,8 +164,11 @@ func GenerateChain(parent *types.Block, db ethdb.Database, n int, gen func(int,
 			gen(i, b)
 		}
 		AccumulateRewards(statedb, h, b.uncles)
-		statedb.SyncIntermediate()
-		h.Root = statedb.Root()
+		root, err := statedb.Commit()
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("state write error: %v", err))
+		}
+		h.Root = root
 		return types.NewBlock(h, b.txs, b.uncles, b.receipts)
 	}
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
@@ -184,7 +188,7 @@ func makeHeader(parent *types.Block, state *state.StateDB) *types.Header {
 		time = new(big.Int).Add(parent.Time(), big.NewInt(10)) // block time is fixed at 10 seconds
 	}
 	return &types.Header{
-		Root:       state.Root(),
+		Root:       state.IntermediateRoot(),
 		ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
 		Coinbase:   parent.Coinbase(),
 		Difficulty: CalcDifficulty(time.Uint64(), new(big.Int).Sub(time, big.NewInt(10)).Uint64(), parent.Number(), parent.Difficulty()),

core/chain_manager.go

@@ -839,8 +839,8 @@ out:
 }
 
 func blockErr(block *types.Block, err error) {
-	h := block.Header()
-	glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Bad block #%v (%x)\n", h.Number, h.Hash().Bytes())
-	glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln(err)
-	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln(verifyNonces)
+	if glog.V(logger.Error) {
+		glog.Errorf("Bad block #%v (%s)\n", block.Number(), block.Hash().Hex())
+		glog.Errorf("    %v", err)
+	}
 }

core/genesis.go

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func WriteGenesisBlock(chainDb ethdb.Database, reader io.Reader) (*types.Block,
 			statedb.SetState(address, common.HexToHash(key), common.HexToHash(value))
 		}
 	}
-	statedb.SyncObjects()
+	root, stateBatch := statedb.CommitBatch()
 
 	difficulty := common.String2Big(genesis.Difficulty)
 	block := types.NewBlock(&types.Header{
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func WriteGenesisBlock(chainDb ethdb.Database, reader io.Reader) (*types.Block,
 		Difficulty: difficulty,
 		MixDigest:  common.HexToHash(genesis.Mixhash),
 		Coinbase:   common.HexToAddress(genesis.Coinbase),
-		Root:       statedb.Root(),
+		Root:       root,
 	}, nil, nil, nil)
 
 	if block := GetBlock(chainDb, block.Hash()); block != nil {
@@ -92,8 +92,10 @@ func WriteGenesisBlock(chainDb ethdb.Database, reader io.Reader) (*types.Block,
 		}
 		return block, nil
 	}
-	statedb.Sync()
 
+	if err := stateBatch.Write(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write state: %v", err)
+	}
 	if err := WriteTd(chainDb, block.Hash(), difficulty); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -115,12 +117,14 @@ func GenesisBlockForTesting(db ethdb.Database, addr common.Address, balance *big
 	statedb := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
 	obj := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
 	obj.SetBalance(balance)
-	statedb.SyncObjects()
-	statedb.Sync()
+	root, err := statedb.Commit()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot write state: %v", err))
+	}
 	block := types.NewBlock(&types.Header{
 		Difficulty: params.GenesisDifficulty,
 		GasLimit:   params.GenesisGasLimit,
-		Root:       statedb.Root(),
+		Root:       root,
 	}, nil, nil, nil)
 	return block
 }

core/state/state_object.go

@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ func (c *StateObject) ReturnGas(gas, price *big.Int) {}
 
 func (self *StateObject) SetGasLimit(gasLimit *big.Int) {
 	self.gasPool = new(big.Int).Set(gasLimit)
+	self.dirty = true
 
 	if glog.V(logger.Core) {
 		glog.Infof("%x: gas (+ %v)", self.Address(), self.gasPool)
@@ -228,19 +229,14 @@ func (self *StateObject) SubGas(gas, price *big.Int) error {
 	if self.gasPool.Cmp(gas) < 0 {
 		return GasLimitError(self.gasPool, gas)
 	}
-
 	self.gasPool.Sub(self.gasPool, gas)
-
-	rGas := new(big.Int).Set(gas)
-	rGas.Mul(rGas, price)
-
 	self.dirty = true
-
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (self *StateObject) AddGas(gas, price *big.Int) {
 	self.gasPool.Add(self.gasPool, gas)
+	self.dirty = true
 }
 
 func (self *StateObject) Copy() *StateObject {

core/state/state_test.go

@@ -89,8 +89,7 @@ func TestNull(t *testing.T) {
 	//value := common.FromHex("0x823140710bf13990e4500136726d8b55")
 	var value common.Hash
 	state.SetState(address, common.Hash{}, value)
-	state.SyncIntermediate()
-	state.Sync()
+	state.Commit()
 	value = state.GetState(address, common.Hash{})
 	if !common.EmptyHash(value) {
 		t.Errorf("expected empty hash. got %x", value)

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import (
 type StateDB struct {
 	db   ethdb.Database
 	trie *trie.SecureTrie
-	root common.Hash
 
 	stateObjects map[string]*StateObject
 
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ func New(root common.Hash, db ethdb.Database) *StateDB {
 		glog.Errorf("can't create state trie with root %x: %v", root[:], err)
 	}
 	return &StateDB{
-		root:         root,
 		db:           db,
 		trie:         tr,
 		stateObjects: make(map[string]*StateObject),
@@ -204,7 +202,6 @@ func (self *StateDB) UpdateStateObject(stateObject *StateObject) {
 	if len(stateObject.CodeHash()) > 0 {
 		self.db.Put(stateObject.CodeHash(), stateObject.code)
 	}
-
 	addr := stateObject.Address()
 	self.trie.Update(addr[:], stateObject.RlpEncode())
 }
@@ -215,6 +212,7 @@ func (self *StateDB) DeleteStateObject(stateObject *StateObject) {
 
 	addr := stateObject.Address()
 	self.trie.Delete(addr[:])
+	//delete(self.stateObjects, addr.Str())
 }
 
 // Retrieve a state object given my the address. Nil if not found
@@ -311,65 +309,67 @@ func (self *StateDB) Set(state *StateDB) {
 	self.logSize = state.logSize
 }
 
-func (s *StateDB) Root() common.Hash {
-	return s.trie.Hash()
-}
-
-// Syncs the trie and all siblings
-func (s *StateDB) Sync() {
-	// Sync all nested states
+// IntermediateRoot computes the current root hash of the state trie.
+// It is called in between transactions to get the root hash that
+// goes into transaction receipts.
+func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot() common.Hash {
+	s.refund = new(big.Int)
 	for _, stateObject := range s.stateObjects {
-		stateObject.trie.Commit()
-	}
-
-	s.trie.Commit()
-
-	s.Empty()
-}
-
-func (self *StateDB) Empty() {
-	self.stateObjects = make(map[string]*StateObject)
-	self.refund = new(big.Int)
-}
-
-func (self *StateDB) Refunds() *big.Int {
-	return self.refund
-}
-
-// SyncIntermediate updates the intermediate state and all mid steps
-func (self *StateDB) SyncIntermediate() {
-	self.refund = new(big.Int)
-
-	for _, stateObject := range self.stateObjects {
 		if stateObject.dirty {
 			if stateObject.remove {
-				self.DeleteStateObject(stateObject)
+				s.DeleteStateObject(stateObject)
 			} else {
 				stateObject.Update()
-
-				self.UpdateStateObject(stateObject)
+				s.UpdateStateObject(stateObject)
 			}
 			stateObject.dirty = false
 		}
 	}
+	return s.trie.Hash()
 }
 
-// SyncObjects syncs the changed objects to the trie
-func (self *StateDB) SyncObjects() {
-	self.trie, _ = trie.NewSecure(self.root, self.db)
+// Commit commits all state changes to the database.
+func (s *StateDB) Commit() (root common.Hash, err error) {
+	return s.commit(s.db)
+}
+
+// CommitBatch commits all state changes to a write batch but does not
+// execute the batch. It is used to validate state changes against
+// the root hash stored in a block.
+func (s *StateDB) CommitBatch() (root common.Hash, batch ethdb.Batch) {
+	batch = s.db.NewBatch()
+	root, _ = s.commit(batch)
+	return root, batch
+}
 
-	self.refund = new(big.Int)
+func (s *StateDB) commit(db trie.DatabaseWriter) (common.Hash, error) {
+	s.refund = new(big.Int)
 
-	for _, stateObject := range self.stateObjects {
+	for _, stateObject := range s.stateObjects {
 		if stateObject.remove {
-			self.DeleteStateObject(stateObject)
+			// If the object has been removed, don't bother syncing it
+			// and just mark it for deletion in the trie.
+			s.DeleteStateObject(stateObject)
 		} else {
+			// Write any storage changes in the state object to its trie.
 			stateObject.Update()
-
-			self.UpdateStateObject(stateObject)
+			// Commit the trie of the object to the batch.
+			// This updates the trie root internally, so
+			// getting the root hash of the storage trie
+			// through UpdateStateObject is fast.
+			if _, err := stateObject.trie.CommitTo(db); err != nil {
+				return common.Hash{}, err
+			}
+			// Update the object in the account trie.
+			s.UpdateStateObject(stateObject)
 		}
 		stateObject.dirty = false
 	}
+	return s.trie.CommitTo(db)
+}
+
+func (self *StateDB) Refunds() *big.Int {
+	return self.refund
 }
 
 // Debug stuff

miner/worker.go

@@ -266,7 +266,6 @@ func (self *worker) wait() {
 			block := result.Block
 			work := result.Work
 
-			work.state.Sync()
 			if self.fullValidation {
 				if _, err := self.chain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block}); err != nil {
 					glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("mining err", err)
@@ -274,6 +273,7 @@ func (self *worker) wait() {
 				}
 				go self.mux.Post(core.NewMinedBlockEvent{block})
 			} else {
+				work.state.Commit()
 				parent := self.chain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
 				if parent == nil {
 					glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("Invalid block found during mining")
@@ -528,8 +528,7 @@ func (self *worker) commitNewWork() {
 	if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 1 {
 		// commit state root after all state transitions.
 		core.AccumulateRewards(work.state, header, uncles)
-		work.state.SyncObjects()
-		header.Root = work.state.Root()
+		header.Root = work.state.IntermediateRoot()
 	}
 
 	// create the new block whose nonce will be mined.

tests/block_test_util.go

@@ -253,13 +253,13 @@ func (t *BlockTest) InsertPreState(ethereum *eth.Ethereum) (*state.StateDB, erro
 			statedb.SetState(common.HexToAddress(addrString), common.HexToHash(k), common.HexToHash(v))
 		}
 	}
-	// sync objects to trie
-	statedb.SyncObjects()
-	// sync trie to disk
-	statedb.Sync()
 
-	if !bytes.Equal(t.Genesis.Root().Bytes(), statedb.Root().Bytes()) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("computed state root does not match genesis block %x %x", t.Genesis.Root().Bytes()[:4], statedb.Root().Bytes()[:4])
+	root, err := statedb.Commit()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error writing state: %v", err)
+	}
+	if t.Genesis.Root() != root {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("computed state root does not match genesis block: genesis=%x computed=%x", t.Genesis.Root().Bytes()[:4], root.Bytes()[:4])
 	}
 	return statedb, nil
 }

tests/state_test_util.go

@@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ func runStateTest(test VmTest) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	statedb.Sync()
-	if common.HexToHash(test.PostStateRoot) != statedb.Root() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Post state root error. Expected %s, got %x", test.PostStateRoot, statedb.Root())
+	root, _ := statedb.Commit()
+	if common.HexToHash(test.PostStateRoot) != root {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Post state root error. Expected %s, got %x", test.PostStateRoot, root)
 	}
 
 	// check logs
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ func RunState(statedb *state.StateDB, env, tx map[string]string) ([]byte, state.
 	if core.IsNonceErr(err) || core.IsInvalidTxErr(err) || state.IsGasLimitErr(err) {
 		statedb.Set(snapshot)
 	}
-	statedb.SyncObjects()
+	statedb.Commit()
 
 	return ret, vmenv.state.Logs(), vmenv.Gas, err
 }