cosensus, core, eth, params, trie: fixes + clique history cap

consensus/clique/clique.go

@@ -365,8 +365,11 @@ func (c *Clique) snapshot(chain consensus.ChainReader, number uint64, hash commo
 				break
 			}
 		}
-		// If we're at an checkpoint block, make a snapshot if it's known
-		if number == 0 || (number%c.config.Epoch == 0 && chain.GetHeaderByNumber(number-1) == nil) {
+		// If we're at the genesis, snapshot the initial state. Alternatively if we're
+		// at a checkpoint block without a parent (light client CHT), or we have piled
+		// up more headers than allowed to be reorged (chain reinit from a freezer),
+		// consider the checkpoint trusted and snapshot it.
+		if number == 0 || (number%c.config.Epoch == 0 && (len(headers) > params.ImmutabilityThreshold || chain.GetHeaderByNumber(number-1) == nil)) {
 			checkpoint := chain.GetHeaderByNumber(number)
 			if checkpoint != nil {
 				hash := checkpoint.Hash()

consensus/clique/snapshot.go

@@ -20,10 +20,12 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"sort"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
 )
@@ -197,7 +199,11 @@ func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header) (*Snapshot, error) {
 	// Iterate through the headers and create a new snapshot
 	snap := s.copy()
 
-	for _, header := range headers {
+	var (
+		start  = time.Now()
+		logged = time.Now()
+	)
+	for i, header := range headers {
 		// Remove any votes on checkpoint blocks
 		number := header.Number.Uint64()
 		if number%s.config.Epoch == 0 {
@@ -285,6 +291,14 @@ func (s *Snapshot) apply(headers []*types.Header) (*Snapshot, error) {
 			}
 			delete(snap.Tally, header.Coinbase)
 		}
+		// If we're taking too much time (ecrecover), notify the user once a while
+		if time.Since(logged) > 8*time.Second {
+			log.Info("Reconstructing voting history", "processed", i, "total", len(headers), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+			logged = time.Now()
+		}
+	}
+	if time.Since(start) > 8*time.Second {
+		log.Info("Reconstructed voting history", "processed", len(headers), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 	}
 	snap.Number += uint64(len(headers))
 	snap.Hash = headers[len(headers)-1].Hash()

consensus/ethash/sealer.go

@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) remote(notify []string, noverify bool) {
 		start := time.Now()
 		if !noverify {
 			if err := ethash.verifySeal(nil, header, true); err != nil {
-				log.Warn("Invalid proof-of-work submitted", "sealhash", sealhash, "elapsed", time.Since(start), "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Invalid proof-of-work submitted", "sealhash", sealhash, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)), "err", err)
 				return false
 			}
 		}
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) remote(notify []string, noverify bool) {
 			log.Warn("Ethash result channel is empty, submitted mining result is rejected")
 			return false
 		}
-		log.Trace("Verified correct proof-of-work", "sealhash", sealhash, "elapsed", time.Since(start))
+		log.Trace("Verified correct proof-of-work", "sealhash", sealhash, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 
 		// Solutions seems to be valid, return to the miner and notify acceptance.
 		solution := block.WithSeal(header)

core/blockchain.go

@@ -221,6 +221,10 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *par
 	// Initialize the chain with ancient data if it isn't empty.
 	if bc.empty() {
 		if frozen, err := bc.db.Ancients(); err == nil && frozen > 0 {
+			var (
+				start  = time.Now()
+				logged time.Time
+			)
 			for i := uint64(0); i < frozen; i++ {
 				// Inject hash<->number mapping.
 				hash := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(bc.db, i)
@@ -235,12 +239,23 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *par
 					return nil, errors.New("broken ancient database")
 				}
 				rawdb.WriteTxLookupEntries(bc.db, block)
+
+				// If we've spent too much time already, notify the user of what we're doing
+				if time.Since(logged) > 8*time.Second {
+					log.Info("Initializing chain from ancient data", "number", i, "hash", hash, "total", frozen-1, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+					logged = time.Now()
+				}
 			}
 			hash := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(bc.db, frozen-1)
 			rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(bc.db, hash)
 			rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db, hash)
 
-			log.Info("Initialized chain with ancients", "number", frozen-1, "hash", hash)
+			// The first thing the node will do is reconstruct the verification data for
+			// the head block (ethash cache or clique voting snapshot). Might as well do
+			// it in advance.
+			bc.engine.VerifyHeader(bc, rawdb.ReadHeader(bc.db, hash, frozen-1), true)
+
+			log.Info("Initialized chain from ancient data", "number", frozen-1, "hash", hash, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 		}
 	}
 	if err := bc.loadLastState(); err != nil {

core/rawdb/database.go

@@ -179,17 +179,18 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database) error {
 		logged = time.Now()
 
 		// Key-value store statistics
-		total          common.StorageSize
-		headerSize     common.StorageSize
-		bodySize       common.StorageSize
-		receiptSize    common.StorageSize
-		tdSize         common.StorageSize
-		numHashPairing common.StorageSize
-		hashNumPairing common.StorageSize
-		trieSize       common.StorageSize
-		txlookupSize   common.StorageSize
-		preimageSize   common.StorageSize
-		bloomBitsSize  common.StorageSize
+		total           common.StorageSize
+		headerSize      common.StorageSize
+		bodySize        common.StorageSize
+		receiptSize     common.StorageSize
+		tdSize          common.StorageSize
+		numHashPairing  common.StorageSize
+		hashNumPairing  common.StorageSize
+		trieSize        common.StorageSize
+		txlookupSize    common.StorageSize
+		preimageSize    common.StorageSize
+		bloomBitsSize   common.StorageSize
+		cliqueSnapsSize common.StorageSize
 
 		// Ancient store statistics
 		ancientHeaders  common.StorageSize
@@ -199,8 +200,12 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database) error {
 		ancientTds      common.StorageSize
 
 		// Les statistic
-		ChtTrieNodes   common.StorageSize
-		BloomTrieNodes common.StorageSize
+		chtTrieNodes   common.StorageSize
+		bloomTrieNodes common.StorageSize
+
+		// Meta- and unaccounted data
+		metadata    common.StorageSize
+		unaccounted common.StorageSize
 	)
 	// Inspect key-value database first.
 	for it.Next() {
@@ -228,12 +233,26 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database) error {
 			preimageSize += size
 		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, bloomBitsPrefix) && len(key) == (len(bloomBitsPrefix)+10+common.HashLength):
 			bloomBitsSize += size
+		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, []byte("clique-")) && len(key) == 7+common.HashLength:
+			cliqueSnapsSize += size
 		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, []byte("cht-")) && len(key) == 4+common.HashLength:
-			ChtTrieNodes += size
+			chtTrieNodes += size
 		case bytes.HasPrefix(key, []byte("blt-")) && len(key) == 4+common.HashLength:
-			BloomTrieNodes += size
+			bloomTrieNodes += size
 		case len(key) == common.HashLength:
 			trieSize += size
+		default:
+			var accounted bool
+			for _, meta := range [][]byte{databaseVerisionKey, headHeaderKey, headBlockKey, headFastBlockKey, fastTrieProgressKey, ancientKey} {
+				if bytes.Equal(key, meta) {
+					metadata += size
+					accounted = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !accounted {
+				unaccounted += size
+			}
 		}
 		count += 1
 		if count%1000 == 0 && time.Since(logged) > 8*time.Second {
@@ -261,18 +280,24 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database) error {
 		{"Key-Value store", "Bloombit index", bloomBitsSize.String()},
 		{"Key-Value store", "Trie nodes", trieSize.String()},
 		{"Key-Value store", "Trie preimages", preimageSize.String()},
+		{"Key-Value store", "Clique snapshots", cliqueSnapsSize.String()},
+		{"Key-Value store", "Singleton metadata", metadata.String()},
 		{"Ancient store", "Headers", ancientHeaders.String()},
 		{"Ancient store", "Bodies", ancientBodies.String()},
 		{"Ancient store", "Receipts", ancientReceipts.String()},
 		{"Ancient store", "Difficulties", ancientTds.String()},
 		{"Ancient store", "Block number->hash", ancientHashes.String()},
-		{"Light client", "CHT trie nodes", ChtTrieNodes.String()},
-		{"Light client", "Bloom trie nodes", BloomTrieNodes.String()},
+		{"Light client", "CHT trie nodes", chtTrieNodes.String()},
+		{"Light client", "Bloom trie nodes", bloomTrieNodes.String()},
 	}
 	table := tablewriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
 	table.SetHeader([]string{"Database", "Category", "Size"})
 	table.SetFooter([]string{"", "Total", total.String()})
 	table.AppendBulk(stats)
 	table.Render()
+
+	if unaccounted > 0 {
+		log.Error("Database contains unaccounted data", "size", unaccounted)
+	}
 	return nil
 }

core/rawdb/freezer.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/prometheus/tsdb/fileutil"
 )
 
@@ -52,11 +53,6 @@ const (
 	// storage.
 	freezerRecheckInterval = time.Minute
 
-	// freezerBlockGraduation is the number of confirmations a block must achieve
-	// before it becomes elligible for chain freezing. This must exceed any chain
-	// reorg depth, since the freezer also deletes all block siblings.
-	freezerBlockGraduation = 90000
-
 	// freezerBatchLimit is the maximum number of blocks to freeze in one batch
 	// before doing an fsync and deleting it from the key-value store.
 	freezerBatchLimit = 30000
@@ -268,12 +264,12 @@ func (f *freezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 			time.Sleep(freezerRecheckInterval)
 			continue
 
-		case *number < freezerBlockGraduation:
-			log.Debug("Current full block not old enough", "number", *number, "hash", hash, "delay", freezerBlockGraduation)
+		case *number < params.ImmutabilityThreshold:
+			log.Debug("Current full block not old enough", "number", *number, "hash", hash, "delay", params.ImmutabilityThreshold)
 			time.Sleep(freezerRecheckInterval)
 			continue
 
-		case *number-freezerBlockGraduation <= f.frozen:
+		case *number-params.ImmutabilityThreshold <= f.frozen:
 			log.Debug("Ancient blocks frozen already", "number", *number, "hash", hash, "frozen", f.frozen)
 			time.Sleep(freezerRecheckInterval)
 			continue
@@ -285,7 +281,7 @@ func (f *freezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 			continue
 		}
 		// Seems we have data ready to be frozen, process in usable batches
-		limit := *number - freezerBlockGraduation
+		limit := *number - params.ImmutabilityThreshold
 		if limit-f.frozen > freezerBatchLimit {
 			limit = f.frozen + freezerBatchLimit
 		}

core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func init() {
 // Gets a chunk of data, filled with 'b'
 func getChunk(size int, b int) []byte {
 	data := make([]byte, size)
-	for i, _ := range data {
+	for i := range data {
 		data[i] = byte(b)
 	}
 	return data

eth/downloader/downloader.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	ethereum "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -46,20 +46,20 @@ var (
 	MaxReceiptFetch = 256 // Amount of transaction receipts to allow fetching per request
 	MaxStateFetch   = 384 // Amount of node state values to allow fetching per request
 
-	MaxForkAncestry  = 3 * params.EpochDuration // Maximum chain reorganisation
-	rttMinEstimate   = 2 * time.Second          // Minimum round-trip time to target for download requests
-	rttMaxEstimate   = 20 * time.Second         // Maximum round-trip time to target for download requests
-	rttMinConfidence = 0.1                      // Worse confidence factor in our estimated RTT value
-	ttlScaling       = 3                        // Constant scaling factor for RTT -> TTL conversion
-	ttlLimit         = time.Minute              // Maximum TTL allowance to prevent reaching crazy timeouts
+	rttMinEstimate   = 2 * time.Second  // Minimum round-trip time to target for download requests
+	rttMaxEstimate   = 20 * time.Second // Maximum round-trip time to target for download requests
+	rttMinConfidence = 0.1              // Worse confidence factor in our estimated RTT value
+	ttlScaling       = 3                // Constant scaling factor for RTT -> TTL conversion
+	ttlLimit         = time.Minute      // Maximum TTL allowance to prevent reaching crazy timeouts
 
 	qosTuningPeers   = 5    // Number of peers to tune based on (best peers)
 	qosConfidenceCap = 10   // Number of peers above which not to modify RTT confidence
 	qosTuningImpact  = 0.25 // Impact that a new tuning target has on the previous value
 
-	maxQueuedHeaders  = 32 * 1024 // [eth/62] Maximum number of headers to queue for import (DOS protection)
-	maxHeadersProcess = 2048      // Number of header download results to import at once into the chain
-	maxResultsProcess = 2048      // Number of content download results to import at once into the chain
+	maxQueuedHeaders         = 32 * 1024                    // [eth/62] Maximum number of headers to queue for import (DOS protection)
+	maxHeadersProcess        = 2048                         // Number of header download results to import at once into the chain
+	maxResultsProcess        = 2048                         // Number of content download results to import at once into the chain
+	maxForkAncestry   uint64 = params.ImmutabilityThreshold // Maximum chain reorganisation (locally redeclared so tests can reduce it)
 
 	reorgProtThreshold   = 48 // Threshold number of recent blocks to disable mini reorg protection
 	reorgProtHeaderDelay = 2  // Number of headers to delay delivering to cover mini reorgs
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ func (d *Downloader) syncWithPeer(p *peerConnection, hash common.Hash, td *big.I
 
 	log.Debug("Synchronising with the network", "peer", p.id, "eth", p.version, "head", hash, "td", td, "mode", d.mode)
 	defer func(start time.Time) {
-		log.Debug("Synchronisation terminated", "elapsed", time.Since(start))
+		log.Debug("Synchronisation terminated", "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 	}(time.Now())
 
 	// Look up the sync boundaries: the common ancestor and the target block
@@ -491,10 +491,10 @@ func (d *Downloader) syncWithPeer(p *peerConnection, hash common.Hash, td *big.I
 		// The peer would start to feed us valid blocks until head, resulting in all of
 		// the blocks might be written into the ancient store. A following mini-reorg
 		// could cause issues.
-		if d.checkpoint != 0 && d.checkpoint > MaxForkAncestry+1 {
+		if d.checkpoint != 0 && d.checkpoint > maxForkAncestry+1 {
 			d.ancientLimit = d.checkpoint
-		} else if height > MaxForkAncestry+1 {
-			d.ancientLimit = height - MaxForkAncestry - 1
+		} else if height > maxForkAncestry+1 {
+			d.ancientLimit = height - maxForkAncestry - 1
 		}
 		frozen, _ := d.stateDB.Ancients() // Ignore the error here since light client can also hit here.
 		// If a part of blockchain data has already been written into active store,
@@ -725,9 +725,9 @@ func (d *Downloader) findAncestor(p *peerConnection, remoteHeader *types.Header)
 	p.log.Debug("Looking for common ancestor", "local", localHeight, "remote", remoteHeight)
 
 	// Recap floor value for binary search
-	if localHeight >= MaxForkAncestry {
+	if localHeight >= maxForkAncestry {
 		// We're above the max reorg threshold, find the earliest fork point
-		floor = int64(localHeight - MaxForkAncestry)
+		floor = int64(localHeight - maxForkAncestry)
 	}
 	// If we're doing a light sync, ensure the floor doesn't go below the CHT, as
 	// all headers before that point will be missing.

eth/downloader/downloader_test.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import (
 
 // Reduce some of the parameters to make the tester faster.
 func init() {
-	MaxForkAncestry = uint64(10000)
+	maxForkAncestry = 10000
 	blockCacheItems = 1024
 	fsHeaderContCheck = 500 * time.Millisecond
 }

eth/downloader/testchain_test.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var testChainBase = newTestChain(blockCacheItems+200, testGenesis)
 var testChainForkLightA, testChainForkLightB, testChainForkHeavy *testChain
 
 func init() {
-	var forkLen = int(MaxForkAncestry + 50)
+	var forkLen = int(maxForkAncestry + 50)
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(3)
 	go func() { testChainForkLightA = testChainBase.makeFork(forkLen, false, 1); wg.Done() }()

params/network_params.go

@@ -46,4 +46,10 @@ const (
 	// HelperTrieProcessConfirmations is the number of confirmations before a HelperTrie
 	// is generated
 	HelperTrieProcessConfirmations = 256
+
+	// ImmutabilityThreshold is the number of blocks after which a chain segment is
+	// considered immutable (i.e. soft finality). It is used by the downloader as a
+	// hard limit against deep ancestors, by the blockchain against deep reorgs, by
+	// the freezer as the cutoff treshold and by clique as the snapshot trust limit.
+	ImmutabilityThreshold = 90000
 )

trie/sync_bloom.go

@@ -118,14 +118,14 @@ func (b *SyncBloom) init(database ethdb.Iteratee) {
 			it.Release()
 			it = database.NewIteratorWithStart(key)
 
-			log.Info("Initializing fast sync bloom", "items", b.bloom.N(), "errorrate", b.errorRate(), "elapsed", time.Since(start))
+			log.Info("Initializing fast sync bloom", "items", b.bloom.N(), "errorrate", b.errorRate(), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 			swap = time.Now()
 		}
 	}
 	it.Release()
 
 	// Mark the bloom filter inited and return
-	log.Info("Initialized fast sync bloom", "items", b.bloom.N(), "errorrate", b.errorRate(), "elapsed", time.Since(start))
+	log.Info("Initialized fast sync bloom", "items", b.bloom.N(), "errorrate", b.errorRate(), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
 	atomic.StoreUint32(&b.inited, 1)
 }